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- WORLD, Page 48America AbroadThe Cheerleaders of Tragedy
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- By Strobe Talbott
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- In trying to vote themselves out of the U.S.S.R. three weeks
- ago, the members of the Lithuanian parliament were making three
- statements: Here is what our people want; here is what we
- deserve; here is how to get it. They were right, right and
- wrong.
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- Kremlinologists have been wondering for months whether there
- are any "red lines" beyond which the military, the KGB, the
- Communist Party and Soviet public opinion will simply not let
- Mikhail Gorbachev go. The Lithuanians gambled that for them,
- at least, the answer was no. Gorbachev has replied that for him
- and for now, the red line is the border of the U.S.S.R. as it
- has existed since the end of World War II. Yet at the same
- time, he has acknowledged that the Baltic peoples are entitled
- to independence. Therein lies the nub both of the crisis and
- a possible solution.
-
- A squabble has broken out in Washington between resident
- Soviet casuists and American cheerleaders for the breakup of
- the evil empire.
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- Clever Soviet: You should support Gorbachev because he, like
- Abraham Lincoln, is trying to keep our country together.
-
- Cleverer American: Cut it out! The Union cause was just. The
- South had not been illegally, forcibly annexed. Stop implicitly
- comparing George Washington with Joe Stalin!
-
- Touche, Ivan. But the argument is worth following one more
- step. Gorbachev has infinitely greater might on his side than
- Lincoln did in the Civil War, but considerably less right. And
- he knows it. Unlike Lincoln, Gorbachev has already conceded
- secession in principle. His ever droll spokesman, Gennadi
- Gerasimov, talks about divorce. By setting a price on its
- property in Lithuania, Moscow has opened negotiations on
- alimony.
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- Gorbachev is putting in place a procedure that may, if he
- is around to see it through, give each republic a choice:
- autonomy in a confederation or, after a transitional period,
- a separate state. That is probably the best he can offer the
- Lithuanians. It is also probably the most they can get from
- him, or from any Kremlin leader. By sticking to their
- unilateral declaration of independence, they risk everything,
- not just for themselves but for the more cool-headed
- Estonians, whose adroit step-by-step approach toward the same
- goal has a far greater chance of success.
-
- During this episode, George Bush has displayed his favorite
- quality, prudence, to good effect. He understands that politics
- is a matter of being right about ends as well as means, of
- recognizing limits as well as obligations and opportunities.
- The last thing Bush wants is to repeat the mistake that the
- Eisenhower Administration made in 1956 when it egged on the
- Hungarian freedom fighters, leading many of them to die in the
- expectation of more help than the West could possibly provide.
- Bush has correctly concentrated on persuading Gorbachev to
- avert bloodshed and work toward a compromise. To urge him to
- grant Lithuania the instant annulment it demands would be
- futile and, as they say in Washington, counterproductive.
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- The Lithuanians have shown more political courage than
- political wisdom. Neither quality has been much in evidence
- from those members of the U.S. Congress who have called for
- formal recognition of a free Lithuania. Such a thing should and
- may someday exist, but it cannot be voted into existence by
- legislators in either Vilnius or Washington in defiance of
- Moscow. By applauding a morality play as though it were itself
- a happy ending, Congress is only increasing the chances that
- it will turn into a tragedy.
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